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Support #571

Install Magento on a Debian LAMP Server

Added by Daniel Curtis about 9 years ago. Updated about 9 years ago.

Status:
Closed
Priority:
Normal
Assignee:
Category:
Web Server
Target version:
Start date:
02/21/2015
Due date:
% Done:

100%

Estimated time:
1.50 h
Spent time:

Description

This is a simple guide for setting up Magento on a LAMP server on Debian 7 (wheezy).

Prepare The Server

This guide is assumed that a Bare Debian install with only SSH Server access, a user that has sudo access.

  • Obtain a root shell and upgrade the server:
    sudo -s
    apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
    
  • Install unzip and rsync:
    apt-get install unzip rsync
    
  • Set the hostname in the hosts:
    nano /etc/hosts
    
    • And add/modify the following:
      127.0.1.1     magento.example.com magento
      
  • And also edit the hostname file:
    nano /etc/hostname
    
    • And add/modify the following:
      magento
      
  • Reboot to apply the hostname settings:
    reboot
    

Install Apache 2

  • Install apache:
    apt-get install apache2
    

Configure Apache 2

  • Edit the default apache2 Vhost config:
    nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
    
    • And add/modify the following VirtualHost block:
      <VirtualHost *:80>
          ServerName magento.example.com
      
          DocumentRoot /var/www           
          <Directory /var/www>
              Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
              AllowOverride All
              Order allow,deny
              allow from all
          </Directory>
      </VirtualHost>
      
    • NOTE: Make sure AllowOverride is set to ALL, or else the .htaccess file will not work.
  • Enable rewrite module:
    a2enmod rewrite
    
  • Restart apache2:
    service apache2 restart
    

Securing Apache with SSL

  • Install openssl:
    apt-get install openssl
    
  • Generate a strong SSL key and a CSR to send for signing by a CA:
    mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl && cd /etc/apache2/ssl
    openssl req -sha512 -out magento.example.com.csr -new -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout magento.example.com.key
    
  • Make sure to securely copy the SSL certificate to magento.example.com.crt
  • Edit the apache2 default ssl Vhost config file:
    nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl
    
    • And Add the following:
      <VirtualHost *:443>
          ServerName magento.example.com
      
          DocumentRoot /var/www            
          <Directory /var/www>
              Options FollowSymLinks
              AllowOverride All
              Require all granted
          </Directory>
      
          SSLEngine on
      
          SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/magento.example.com.crt
          SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/magento.example.com.key
      
          <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
              SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
          </FilesMatch>
      
          BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
          BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
      </VirtualHost>
      
  • Change the SSL certificate and key ownership to the apache user:
    chown www-data:www-data /etc/apache2/ssl/magento.example.com.{crt,key}
    chmod o-rwx /etc/apache2/ssl/magento.example.com.key
    
  • Enable the ssl apache modules:
    a2enmod ssl
    

Forcing SSL

  • Enable forced SSL connection by setting the two lines from earlier in the .htaccess file. Open the file for editing:
    nano /var/www/.htaccess
    
    • Look for the following two lines, and remove the # characters before them:
      RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
      RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
      
  • Restart apache2:
    service apache2 restart
    

Install MySQL 5.5

  • Install MySQL server and client:
    apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
    
    • NOTE: During the setup a prompt will appear to set the root MySQL user password. Set a strong password and do not forget it.

Configure a new MySQL database

  • Log into the MySQL console:
    mysql -h localhost -u root -p
    
    • Create the magentouser user with the SuperSecretPassword password and the magentodb database:
      CREATE USER 'magentouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'SuperSecretPassword';   
      CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS  `magentodb` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
      GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `magentodb`.* TO 'magentouser'@'localhost';
      
      flush privileges;
      exit
      

Install PHP 5

  • Install PHP 5 with the apache-php module and a few common PHP extensions:
    apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-cli php5-mysql php5-mcrypt php5-gd php5-curl
    
    • PHP has many extensions, run the following to get a list of all available extensions:
      apt-cache search php5-
      
  • Restart apache for the php module to take effect:
    service apache2 restart
    

Install Magento

  • Download and extract Magento:
    cd ~
    wget http://www.magentocommerce.com/downloads/assets/1.9.1.0/magento-1.9.1.0.zip
    unzip magento-1.9.1.0.zip
    
  • Move the Magento files to the /var/www directory:
    rsync -a magento/ /var/www/
    
  • Remove the default It Works! page:
    rm /var/www/index.html
    
  • Change ownership of the Magento files to the apache user:
    chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
    

Related issues

Copied from GNU/Linux Administration - Support #568: Install a Linux, Apache2, MySQL, PHP Web Server on DebianClosedDaniel Curtis02/21/2015

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