Support #692
Updated by Daniel Curtis over 8 years ago
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Here is a procedure to install Nginx, PostgreSQL and PHP web server stack on Arch Linux.
h1. Prepare the Environment
* Before installation of the components, make sure everything is up to date using the following command:
<pre>
pacman -Syu
</pre>
* Install a few dependencies:
<pre>
pacman -S sudo git curl
</pre>
* Add the sudo group
<pre>
groupadd sudo
</pre>
* Edit the sudoers file:
<pre>
visudo
</pre>
#* And uncomment the %sudo line to allow users in the sudo group access to sudo:
<pre>
%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL
</pre>
* Add a webuser
<pre>
useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash webuser
</pre>
#* And add webuser to the sudo group:
<pre>
usermod -aG sudo webuser
</pre>
---
h1. Install Nginx
* Install Nginx
<pre>
pacman -S nginx
</pre>
* Start and enable nginx at boot:
<pre>
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx
</pre>
* Create a configuration directory to make managing individual server blocks easier
<pre>
mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d
</pre>
* Edit the main nginx config file:
<pre>
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
</pre>
#* And strip down the config file and add the include statement at the end to make it easier to handle various server blocks:
<pre>
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx-error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
</pre>
h2. Default Static Website
Start by setting up a simple static website, no server-side stuff PHP or Ruby; just plain HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.
* Create a directory for the web site:
<pre>
mkdir -p /var/www/www.example.com
</pre>
* Add a *default site server block*:
<pre>
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.example.com.conf
</pre>
#* Add the following:
<pre>
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name www.example.com;
access_log /var/log/www.example.com.log main;
location / {
root /var/www/www.example.com;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
</pre>
---
h1. Install PostgreSQL 9.4
* Make sure to enable en_US.UTF-8 in the locale generation file:
<pre>
sed -i -e 's/\#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen
</pre>
#* And regenerate the local locales:
<pre>
locale-gen
</pre>
* Install PostgreSQL:
<pre>
pacman -S postgresql
</pre>
* Enable PostgreSQL at boot:
<pre>
systemctl enable postgresql
</pre>
*NOTE*: If the postgresql database is on a btrfs filesystem, make sure to disable Copy-on-Write for the postgresql database folder:
<pre>
chattr +C /var/lib/postgres/data
</pre>
* Switch to the postgresql user:
<pre>
su - postgres
</pre>
#* Initialize the database:
<pre>
initdb --locale en_US.UTF-8 -E UTF8 -D '/var/lib/postgres/data'
</pre>
#* Then exit the postgresql user:
<pre>
exit
</pre>
* Start PostgreSQL:
<pre>
systemctl start postgresql
</pre>
* Edit the postgres config file:
<pre>
vi /var/lib/postgres/data/postgresql.conf
</pre>
#* And modify the following:
<pre>
listen_addresses = '*'
</pre>
* Edit the pg_hba config file:
<pre>
vi /var/lib/postgres/data/pg_hba.conf
</pre>
#* And modify the following:
<pre>
# TYPE DATABASE USER CIDR-ADDRESS METHOD only
# Local connections
local all all trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 trust
# IPv4 connections:
host all all 192.168.10.0/24 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all 1234::abcd/64 md5
</pre>
* And wrap up by restarting the postgresql server:
<pre>
systemctl restart postgresql
</pre>
h2. Create a new user and database
* Switch to the pgsql user:
<pre>
su - postgres
</pre>
#* Create the somepgdb database:
<pre>
createdb somepgdb
</pre>
#* Then create the somepguser user:
<pre>
createuser -P
</pre>
#* Grant all privileges to somepgdb to somepguser:
<pre>
psql -d template1
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE "somepgdb" to somepguser;
\q
</pre>
#* Exit from the postgresql user
<pre>
exit
</pre>
---
h1. Install PHP
* Install PHP 5.6 and php-fpm:
<pre>
pacman -S php php-fpm
</pre>
* Install PHP extensions and a few modules:
<pre>
pacman -S php-pgsql php-pear
</pre>
#* *NOTE*: There are many more PHP modules, to search for more PHP modules run:
<pre>
pacman -Ss php
</pre>
h2. Configure PHP-FPM
* Enable php-fpm at boot:
<pre>
systemctl enable php-fpm
</pre>
* Edit the php-fpm config:
<pre>
vi /etc/php/php-fpm.conf
</pre>
#* Make the following changes:
<pre>
listen = /run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = http
listen.group = http
listen.mode = 0660
</pre>
* Start php-fpm:
<pre>
systemctl start php-fpm
</pre>
h2. PHP Website
* Create a directory for the web application:
<pre>
mkdir /var/www/phpapp.example.com
</pre>
* Add a *phpapp.example.com server block*:
<pre>
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/phpapp.example.com.conf
</pre>
#* Add the following:
<pre>
server {
listen 80;
server_name phpapp.example.com;
root /var/www/phpapp.example.com;
access_log /var/log/phpapp.example.com-access.log;
error_log /var/log/phpapp.example.com-error.log;
location / {
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
# For all PHP requests, pass them on to PHP-FPM via FastCGI
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/phpapp.example.com$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params; # include extra FCGI params
}
}
</pre>
* Add the PHP files for the site and change the ownership to the http user:
<pre>
chown R http:http /var/www/phpapp.example.com
</pre>
* Restart nginx:
<pre>
systemctl restart nginx
</pre>
---
h1. (Extra) Install Phusion Passenger
* Remove the system nginx package:
<pre>
pacman -R nginx
</pre>
#* Remove the old nginx configuration directory
<pre>
rm -rf /etc/nginx
</pre>
* Install the base-devel package:
<pre>
pacman -S base-devel
</pre>
* Install RVM:
<pre>
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
</pre>
* Then add the following line to the end of your @~/.bash_login@ file
<pre>
echo '[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"' >> ~/.bash_login
</pre>
#* Now logout and log back in for rvm to take effect
* Add the http user to the rvm group:
<pre>
usermod -aG rvm http
</pre>
* See if there are any dependency requirements for your installation by running:
<pre>
rvm requirements
</pre>
* Install ruby 2.1:
<pre>
rvm install 2.1.5
</pre>
* Run the following to allow passenger install nginx:
<pre>
rvm 2.1.5
gem install passenger
rvmsudo passenger-install-nginx-module
</pre>
* Link the new nginx configuration folder in the /etc folder:
<pre>
ln -s /opt/nginx/conf /etc/nginx
</pre>
#* Don't forget to remake the conf.d folder in the nginx configuration folder:
<pre>
mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d
</pre>
* Edit the main nginx config file:
<pre>
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
</pre>
#* And add the Passenger config parameters:
<pre>
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx-error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
# Load Phusion Passenger module globally
passenger_root /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.5/gems/passenger-5.0.21;
passenger_ruby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-2.1.5/ruby;
passenger_max_pool_size 15;
passenger_pool_idle_time 300;
# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
</pre>
* Create a new Restart nginx systemd init script: to load passenger:
<pre>
vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
</pre>
#* And add the following:
<pre>
[Unit]
Description=Nginx
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/etc/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</pre>
* Start and enable nginx at boot::
<pre>
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start restart nginx
</pre>
h2. Ruby Website
* Create a directory for the web application:
<pre>
mkdir /var/www/rubyapp.example.com
</pre>
* Add a *rubyapp.example.com server block*:
<pre>
vi /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/rubyapp.example.com.conf
</pre>
#* Add the following:
<pre>
server {
listen 80;
server_name rubyapp.example.com;
root /var/www/rubyapp.example.com/public;
access_log /var/log/rubyapp.example.com-access.log;
error_log /var/log/rubyapp.example.com-error.log
passenger_enabled on;
passenger_user http;
passenger_group http;
}
</pre>
* Restart nginx to load the website config:
<pre>
service nginx restart
</pre>
---
h1. Securing Nginx With SSL
* Install OpenSSL:
<pre>
pacman -S openssl
</pre>
Enabling SSL in Nginx is simple. First add the ssl directive in the server listen option, then add the SSL certificate and key paths.
* The basic SSL server block should be look similar to the following:
<pre>
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.example.com;
ssl_certificate www.example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key www.example.com.key;
}
</pre>
* Setup the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Parameters
<pre>
cd /etc/nginx
openssl dhparam -out dhparam.pem 4096
</pre>
* Generate a strong SSL key and a CSR to send for signing by a CA:
<pre>
cd /etc/nginx
openssl req -sha512 -out www.example.com.csr -new -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout www.example.com.key
</pre>
#* If the received SSL certificate requires additional bundle certificates, add them together like so:
<pre>
cd /etc/nginx
cat www.example.com.crt www.example.com.bundle > www.example.com.chained.crt
</pre>
* Setup the default site configuration:
<pre>
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.example.com.conf
</pre>
#* Then add or modify the configuration to look similar to the following:
<pre>
server {
listen 80;
listen 443 default ssl;
server_name www.example.com;
# Turn on ans set SSL key/cert
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/www.example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/www.example.com.key;
# Strong SSL configuration
ssl_ciphers 'AES128+EECDH:AES128+EDH:!aNULL';
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_dhparam /nginx/dhparam.pem;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=63072000;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
root /var/www/;
index index.html index.htm;
autoindex on;
}
</pre>
* Restart nginx to load the new website config:
<pre>
service nginx restart
</pre>
h2. Certificate Bundles
Some browsers may complain about a certificate signed by a well-known certificate authority, while other browsers may accept the certificate without issues. This occurs because the issuing authority has signed the server certificate using an intermediate certificate that is not present in the certificate base of well-known trusted certificate authorities which is distributed with a particular browser. In this case the authority provides a bundle of chained certificates which should be concatenated to the signed server certificate.
* The server certificate must appear before the chained certificates in the combined file:
<pre>
cat www.example.com.crt bundle.crt > www.example.com.chained.crt
</pre>
* The resulting file should be used in the ssl_certificate directive:
<pre>
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.example.com;
ssl_certificate www.example.com.chained.crt;
ssl_certificate_key www.example.com.key;
}
</pre>
h1. Resources
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ruby_on_Rails#The_Perfect_Rails_Setup
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/RVM
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PostgreSQL